How the Canadian Banking System Survives the Subprime Meltdown Essay

How the Canadian Banking System Survives the Subprime Meltdown - Essay Example High interest rates in mortgage had increased the lending operations of the commercial banks. The quality of credit started to fall drastically. This had resulted in the collapse of many financial institutions. However, the Canadian banking system had managed to survive these critical conditions. Thus, it is highly rational to realize the underlying cases for this success. The following essay would consider the background, methodology and analysis regarding the topic of discussion (Brender & Pisani, 2010). The goals of the essay are as follows: To understand the nature of Canadian Banking System. To interpret empirical data explaining the various types of banking economic indicators. To analyze the models or the policies those were used by the banking institutions of Canada to protect their economy from the impending danger. To conclude on the overall performance of the Canadian banks in the context of the matter of discussion. Background It was found that during the subprime meltdow n, the nation of Canada did not encounter an absolute collapse of its financial institutions. The five commercial banks in Canada had experienced profit during the financial crisis in the money markets of other economies. ... There are three characteristics of the monetary authorities in Canada: The different monetary policies which are undertaken by the commercial banks in Canada are introduced by the Bank of Canada. This banking organization is owned by the government of the country and is highly interlinked with the Federal government. However, it should be observed that the federal government is not allowed to interfere in the monetary affairs of the country. The rates of interests charged on different assets in Canada are the same for similar assets in the other regions of the country. The Bank of Canada is the primary organization that engages in the function of issuing money to the economy. There is only a single policy instrument that is adopted by the Bank of Canada. The Bank of Canada often charges the overnight interest rates for the country. By changing the level of overnight interest rates, the bank introduces various changes in the different interest rates in the market. Reasons for the Succ ess Many analysts and economists believe that the strong regulations which are implemented by the commercial banks of Canada were responsible for their successful performance even at the critical situations. Moreover, the commercial banks in Canada were highly united with each other, which in turn had helped them to coordinate and take business decisions jointly. In Canada, if the commercial banks had offered credit to the individuals on 80% of the value of a house loan, then they ensured that the debtor had insurance for the mortgage. The banks only issued loans to those individuals, with a worth of 80% (mortgage value), who could offer the mortgage insurance against the loan. Moreover, the commercial banks also

Macro & Micro Economics Of PRC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macro & Micro Economics Of PRC - Essay Example PRC is consciously making effort to lower its inflation rate and/or manage inflation expectations by raising bank reserve ratio of deposits through a directive from PRC’s Central Bank. This brings as to the first question as to how will this affect the balance sheets of both the banks and the PRC’s Central Bank. As regard to the banks, their assets, particular deposits will decrease and the same amount will increase the reserve in the "Liabilities" portion in their Balance Sheet.   Expectedly, the assets of the Central Bank either in receivables or deposits will increase as well as their reserves. Normally, banks hold two bank reserves, one is used for cashing checks or satisfying client's withdrawals while the other is called "legal reserves" or sometimes called â€Å"federal reserves† or central bank reserves. This is the specific reserves that the PRC’s Central Bank wanted to be raised by the banks, and for this year alone, the reserve requirement rat io (RRR) has been raised for the 5th time to a record high of 21 percent according to Xinhua.  Ã‚   PRC’s Central Bank recent move which is a â€Å"contractionary monetary policy† according to Li-Gang Liu, could help manage excessive liquidity in the market but the economic growth of PRC will slow down, however steady during the next two years. Asian Development Bank said in its 2011 Asian Development Outlook that â€Å"there is very little risk of hard landing because growth momentum remains robust for the medium term†.†. As compared to last year the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth will slow to 9.3% in 2011, a dip from 10.3% annual growth in 2010 (Global Times), mainly due to stubborn inflation this year. One determinant factor of inflation is the Consumer Price Index (CPI), as the CPI rise so is the inflation. Consumer consumption is one of the major components in arriving at the total GDP, the others are government expenditures, gross investment a nd the net of exports versus imports. Consumer consumption may not be a factor at this time because wages will not outpace production. Government expenditures were already programmed to pay maturing foreign loans, hence will be constant, while investment will decrease minimally due to the expected increase in interest rates. The one that will affect most in computing the GDP is the net difference between exports and imports. As I analyze it, imports will continue to outpace exports due primarily to higher demands for fuel consumption, which are outsourced externally. The World Bank said "strong domestic demand and relative price changes have reduced the importance of external trade for China" (Reuters.com) There might be an oversupply of products which will considerably affect prices and therefore have an effect on equilibrium. As regards the aggregate expenses, again this will tend to below as the net effect of imports versus exports is high. PRC’s Central Bank raising of RRR will certainly have an effect on the money multiplier since it will

Thurgood Marshall Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thurgood Marshall - Research Paper Example Indeed, his interests in law forever changed the American history. Mershall is among the leading black figures in the 21st century. It was through Marshall that the American courts eradicated slavery and destroyed racist segregation systems. He promoted affirmative actions for people to live in harmony and equality. Indeed, Thurgood Mershall was an influential figure who laid a strong foundation in changing the American society. Thurgood Mershall was born in middle class family. In his childhood, Mershall’s parents enacted a strong emphasis on their son’s education. His interests in law started when he attended at Howard University to pursue law in 1933. For the first time, Mershall addressed discrimination and segregation in the Maryland University of Law. This was the place that Mershall experienced discrimination as an African-American student and lacked admission to the school. Later in his life, President Johnson Lyndon recognized Marshall Position to defend equali ty and thus, gave him the position to defend the civil right of all Americans. In 1967, the President nominated Marshall to be the associate judge in the Supreme Court. In this era, Marshall became the first African American to join the Supreme Court. ... His actions and decisions helped to fight racial segregation and discrimination against all blacks and African Americans. Most importantly, he did not only fight for equality and justice for his fellow Africans, but ensured that all people including the white received equal treatment. As a judge, he enacted important decisions regarding victims convicted of drug charges and the rights for the Native Americans (Glenn 10). Thurgood Mershall was an influential figure in the American history. He recognized the segregation in the public schools and worked hard to ensure that all children received equal rights and opportunities to pursue their education. In one of his speech in the Supreme Court, Mershall affirmed that the American government should fight for all children’s rights, regardless of their race. He believed that all children should obtain equal opportunities to attain their full potential and abilities as citizens. Mershall insisted that those children who never received their rights in the past deserved better treatment to achieve their dreams and visions in the future. He fought for a nation that would refuse to separate and promote unequal education. He emphasized that a nation could be better if the government could promote the education system for children to learn and live together. He argued that, the notion of children learning together would encourage children to live in harmony with another and understand people from different cultures. However, when children lack the opportunities to interact with people from diverse backgrounds, then they would grow up with the aspect that some races are more powerful than others. Mershall interests in ending discrimination and racism traced back in his childhood. As

Discuss how evidence-based practice is applied in your practice Assignment

Discuss how evidence-based practice is applied in your practice setting and describe the desired patient outcome achieved through this approach - Assignment Example To start with, evidence based practice has led to the adoption of the best methods of releasing results to patients and their relatives. The inter-professional staff members in the Oncology department have different levels of education and preparation leading to some differences in managing some problems. For instance, at first any oncology staff in the department could release results to patients (Love & Rodrigue, 2013). But with time, the department realized that bad news released to patients by most doctors who had fewer interactions with the patients made them suffer psychologically and in most cases succumbed to malignancies too soon. On realizing this, most of the staff have attended some sessions in order to improve their techniques of handling patients. Consequently, better methods of releasing results have been introduced. Currently, dispatching results is often done by nurses who have much positive interaction with patients and also those who have time to explain to them on best treatment practices to be undertaken. Love and Rodrigue (2013), suggests that this has minimized the occurrence of early deaths in the unit by a large margin. EBR has also been employed in radiation treatments (Love & Rodrigue, 2013). Initially, the oncology department did not emphasis much on testing sensitivity of a patient to chemotherapy, but largely relied on the standard operating procedures for different stages of cancer. Later, the head of the department suggested on using tumor markers to determine individualized based sensitivity or resistance to chemotherapy to help manage cancer patients better. Upon adopting the above strategies, treatment methods such as selecting drugs were largely based on individual sensitivity and the analysis of tumor markers. This led to better response of patients to chemotherapy in the hospital and the practice was widely borrowed by neighboring hospitals. With time, it was discovered that some patients, especially those in

Training Assessment Essay Example for Free

Training Assessment Essay Any business needs an amount of risk and determination to succeed. Business and companies exist within society and society prescribe behavior norm as to what is expected from this financial group. (Reynolds) Creating a balance between financial, environmental and societal growth is a difficult task but is very critical if one company would like to make sure that they are to stay for a long time in the market. Productivity within a team needs to be established for this is critical regarding the success of a company. Work related goals must be set and let the employees be aware of these and how it could be achieved. A company lay down factors or guidelines for their services and manpower in order for them to gauge if they met their goals or if there is a problem within and how to address it. There are factors that need to be considered when one company tries to check if its service and manpower are able to meet the goals and objective set. Each level of manpower has their own criteria in evaluating their work. Performance evaluation could not be an all uniform assessment because of the difference in workload and capacities of each profession. The criteria may be different but there could be similarity in the values that are being asked for any profession, it will just vary on the intensity that is being asked for each value used as a criterion. All results have their corresponding actions or appraisal depending on their needs as dictated by the result. Rewards and punishments play an important role in determining how an employee does his job. Management should let their team mates know about the rewards that they could get depending on their performances; this could motivate them to work harder and improve. Punishments and discipline should be effective. One way of making sure that this is effective is being fair in giving punishments to those who have faults, no favoritism in the part of the supervisor. This would make them feel that they are working in as a team and that they are responsible for their action and their teammates as well. An employee must be reinforced in doing the right thing at the right time. Management must determine on why there is that specific team and their role in the company must be made aware as for them to know how they would properly function. There are a lot of things that needs to be taught to ensure that productivity is being met by the team. Some of them are stages of team development storming, forming, norming, performing; team roles team leader, scribe, and process observer. Consensus decision making is a critical skill that one needs to develop. (Howardell, 2004) Employees’ benefits, like health benefits, should be given on time and in accordance with the law to make them feel that they are being taken cared of and that they are important beings for the company and not treated as just mere workers. It must be understood that everyone has a life outside of the business or company. It would help if employees could be felt that we superiors are aware of it and that are more than willing to do something about creating a balance between work and private life. It must be understood that everyone has a life outside of the business or company. It would help if employees could be felt that superiors are aware of it and that are more than willing to do something about creating a balance between work and private life. Communication is a two way process. A good supervisor must be an active listener and should encourage feedback. He should be able to identify what are communication barriers and what is the common cause of misunderstanding within their system. He must also know when to use effectively oral or written communications. Winnet gave four vital steps in effective communication, in order to create a harmonious relationship between the boss and the worker. The four steps that he discusses were Attention, Apprehension, Assimilation and Action. If we would like that our message would reach the receiver, we have to make sure that we have the other person’s full attention as possible as it could be. Distractions must be avoided and genuine respect should be shown so that each will understand the other. Winnet paralleled apprehension with understanding. He suggested that there must be a free flow of input from the receiver to ensure that the right level of understanding is achieved. Merely understanding the message is not enough, this is where Assimilation plays a crucial function. It must be ensured that the information was assimilated in the own being of the receiver. It was also stipulated that this could go a long way to be definite about active participation, and harmonious cooperation, in the workplace. (Winnet) The final step for an effective communication according to Winnet, is Action. It is not enough that he message was conveyed, supervisors has to make sure that something was done by the receiver as to what message was conveyed. Body language plays an important role in how we communicate for success. We have to be careful on how we convey messages; we might be saying something that our movements are not backing up. If one would like his peers to believe him and respect him, a leader must have consistency in his dealings and use non verbal cues to maintain his stature and validity of the messages that he gives. Assessing one program’s effectiveness is crucial to its success. Reference: Howardell, Doug. (2004). Seven Skills of a Highly Productive Workforce. ACA Group. September 16, 2006. http://www.theacagroup.com/improveproductivity.htm Reynolds, Andrew. (2006). Process, power, culture and ethics. Lecture notes acquired June 03,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2006. Understand the Business Communication Process. September 16, 2006. http://www.isi elearning.com/content/content_display.cfm/datakey/3/seqnumber_content/70.htm Winnet, Azriel. Communicating Effectively in the Workplace: Four Essential Steps. September 16, 2006. http://hodu.com/business-communication.shtml

Much Ado About Nothing

Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing has a very similar style to our contemporary romantic comedy. And while the romance and obstacles to the union of Claudio and Hero form the main plot, the action in Much Ado About Nothing is mainly about Benedick and Beatrice, and their relationship. That sub-plot is about the merry war of the sexes between Beatrice and Benedick who are not teenagers, but possibly in their late twenties or older (Lukacs 92). This merry war (Much Ado About Nothing I.i.56) between the two is given through their witty word play: Benedick. What, my dear Lady Disdain! are you yet living? Beatrice. Is it possible disdain should die while she hath such meet food to feed it as Signior Benedick? Courtesy itself must convert to disdain, if you come in her presence. Benedick. Then is courtesy a turncoat. But it is certain I am loved of all ladies, only you excepted: and I would I could find in my heart that I had not a hard heart; for, truly, I love none. Beatrice. A dear happiness to women: they would else have been troubled with a pernicious suitor. (Much Ado About Nothing I. i. 111-120) The play suggests that Beatrice was in love with Benedick before the play but he had deceived her and their relationship ended. Benedick now claims that he will never get married. Beatrice is an intelligent girl. Meader asserts that Most of Shakespeares lovers appear to fall in love at the first meeting and that Beatrice who has apparently been in love with Benedick before the action of Much Ado About Nothing, may have had formal courtship earlier (Meader 82): Pedro. Come, lady, come; you have lost the heart of Signior Benedick. Beatrice. Indeed, my lord, he lent it me a while; and I gave him use for it, a double heart for his single one: marry, once before he won it of me with false dice, therefore your grace may well say I have lost it. (Much Ado About Nothing II.i.266-272) Whenever Beatrice and Benedick come together, they seem to have a fight through their witty insults. They are as if competing in intelligence. Beatrice, like Benedick, does not want to marry which is because she has not yet found the right man and because she does not want to give up her freedom with marriage. According to Benedick, a man who gets married will wear his cap with suspicion (I.i.184), and will have doubts that his wife has once had other lovers. He says, if the Count marries, the Count will thrust [his] neck into a yoke, wear the print of it and sigh away Sundays (I.i.186-87) (Friedman 78). Benedick speaks ill of marriage in the following lines: The savage bull may; but if ever the sensible Benedick bear it, pluck off the bulls horns and set them in my forehead; and let me be vilely painted; and in such great letters as they write, Here is good horse to hire let them signify under my sign, Here you may see Benedick, the married man. (Much Ado About Nothing I.i.246-252) He imagines himself with horns on his head. Cuckoldry was very typical in the Renaissance He is worried that he will be cheated by women if he gets married. Friedman explains it as: Benedicks fears of cuckoldry and emasculation through marriage tend to be confirmed by Beatrice, whom Don Pedro has picked out as an excellent wife for Benedick (2.1.329) Beatrice speaks openly and sharply of her preferences in a spouse, which draws the disapproval of her uncles Leonato and Antonio, who complain that she is shrewd of [her] tongue and too curst (2.1.17-18). Beatrice implies that, were she to marry, she would make her partner a cuckold, for she claims that she will have no horns only if God sends her no husband (2.1.23-24). (Friedman 81) As for Beatrice, her irreluctancy for marriage is stated as follows What should I do with him? dress him in my apparel, and make him my waiting-gentlewoman? He that hath a beard is more than a youth; and he that hath no beard is less than a man: and he that is more than a youth is not for me; and he that is less than a man, I am not for him.(Much Ado About Nothing II.i.33-38) Through these lines, Beatrice explains why she should not marry. The reason for this is that there is no equal man for her. Beatrice states that she could not endure a masculine husband with a beard on his face (2.1.26-27), but a husband that hath no beard, who is therefore less than a man, is only fit to be dressed in womens apparel and employed as her waiting-gentlewoman (2.1.29-33) (Friedman 81). Both Benedick and Beatrice seem to avoid marriage. As Benedick says it is certain / I am loved of all ladies, only you excepted: and I could find it in my heart that I had not a hard heart; for, truly, I love none (Much Ado About Nothing I.i.116-119), Beatrice mocks him saying I had rather hear my dog bark at a crow / than a man swear he loves me (Much Ado About Nothing I.i.123-124). While Claudio and Don Pedro play a trick on Benedick in Act II scene iii, Ursula and Hero do the same on Beatrice in Act III scene i. Those tricks are intentioned to make the two fall in love with each other. The audience knows that neither Beatrice nor Benedick wants to get married. Their friends trick is useful at the end. They are both deceived to believe that one is in love with the other. In that case, Cahn states that the plays title word Nothing may be taken as a pun on noting, or overhearing, {since] much of the action involves eavesdropping and the partial discernment of truth (Cahn 629). Moreover, one must note that the overheard conversations are enough for both. According to Cahn, in many comedies of Shakespeare, love is influenced by perception and in Much Ado About Nothingin Act II scene iii, when Beatrice calls Benedick to dinner, Benedick manages in his own mind to twist her words so that they mean what he wants to hear (Cahn 636). At this time, it is apparent that wh ile she is not in love with him, Benedick [harbours] a secret love for Beatrice (Friedman 83). They are not actually deluded to think they are in love with each other; otherwise their friends tricks would not work since both of them are clever enough not to be deluded. They are actually trying to let them discover their present love to each other. Therefore, it is a kind of realization for both of them. Each decides to pity the other at first, however it is interesting they do it willingly. Benedick has made his decision to perform what the audience has long felt he has always wanted to do: pursue Beatrice (Cahn 636). He has now changed his mind and wants to marry Beatrice. Beatrice, on the other hand, has also decided to change her mind, as clear in her own words: Stand I condemned for pride and scorn so much? Contempt, farewell! and maiden pride, adieu! No glory lives behind the back of such. (Much Ado About Nothing III.i.109-112) In Act IV scene i when Benedick and Beatrice are left alone in the church together, they confess their love to each other. According to Lukacs By [Act IV scene i], Benedick and Beatrice are the mature responsible adults who must bring this play to a resolution (Lukacs 92). The tone changes, however, when Benedick says that he will do anything for Beatrice: Beatrices asking him to Kill Claudio (Much Ado About Nothing IV. i. 289) shocks Benedick. Benedicks refusal makes Beatrice angry since she believes that Claudio has insulted Hero. Benedick soon changes his mind and agrees to challenge his friend Claudio both for Heros and for Beatrices sake. What Beatrice has wanted Benedick marks Beatrice as a lady imposing a love test as Maisan states. Benedick has to choose between love and friendship (Maisan 165). Meader asserts that Benedick, urged on by his beloved Beatrice, challenges his best friend Claudio to a duel and that Courage was conspicuously an outward-looking virtue, as the Renai ssance valued it (Meader 76). Benedick is in fact known with his loyalty as a friend but his love for Beatrice becomes strong enough to challenge his friend to a fight and he soon challenges him to a duel. When Benedick accuses Claudio and Don Pedro for Heros death she has not really died but it is what they think, they think he is joking. Thus in Act V scene i, not only Heros innocence but also Benedicks loyalty to Benedick is proven. In Act V scene ii, Benedick tries to write poetry for Beatrice. However, he is not good at writing. What he can do best is simply his gentle insults which is also appealing to Beatrice. So they go on flirting and mocking each other. With the last scene of the play, Shakespeare brings a happy conclusion; both of the couples in the play will married (Claudio and Hero, and Benedick and Beatrice). Now Beatrice and Benedick are happy to get married. Their hatred of the institution of marriage is finally brought to an end. Although the trick is not the main reason for their uniting, it has really been effective. Lukacs summarizes the relationship between Beatrice and Benedick as: In the end, Beatrice and Benedick grow up and mature. The world in Much Ado About Nothing that was out of balance is reined in and balance is achieved. Maturity brings self-knowledge and Beatrice and Benedick shine in the end they are [now] husband and wife. Beatrice duels with her wits in order to assert herself. The eye contact, the hint of a smile, the fleeting glance, or hand gesture sustain their encounters as these two function as one witty unit. Beatrice exclaims O God, that I were a man! (4.1), but it is only when she reaches out to a man, Benedick, that she can defend her sisters honor and relinquish her alternate personae of a John Wayne-like character who strides about the stage in manly fashion, or of an immature schoolgirl. In the end, Much Ado About Nothing becomes much ado about everything that matters in life. (Lukacs 92) As a conclusion, Beatrice and Benedick have changed both in their attitudes towards the idea of marriage and towards each other since the beginning of the play. One can clearly notice the alikeness of their personalities which not only causes the merry war between them but also brings them together. The reason why Beatrice and Benedick could not go along with each other has been because each is too witty and intelligent. However, one must note that they will never get bored of each other while they are having their war so they are definetely a good match. Primary Source(s) Shakespeare, William. Much Ado About Nothing The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. Hertfordshire: 1996. Secondary Sources Cahn, Victor L. Shakespeare the Playwright: A Companion to the Complete Tragedies, Histories, Comedies, and Romances. Praeger: Westport, 1996. Friedman, Michael. The World Must Be Peopled: Shakespeares Comedies of Forgiveness. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press: Madison, NJ., 2002. Lukacs, Ann. Much Ado About Nothing Shakespeare Bulletin. Volume: 22. Issue: 1: University of West Georgia, 2004. Maisan, Thomas. Deforming Sources: Literary Antecedents and Their Traces in Much Ado about Nothing Shakespeare Studies. Volume: 31, Associated University Presses, 2003. Meader, William G. Courtship in Shakespeare: Its Relation to the Tradition of Courtly Love. Kings Crown Press: New York, 1954.

Cesar Chavez: A Great Organizer and Leader Essay -- The United Farm Wo

Labor unions have been instrumental in the lives of workers throughout American history, and have led to important advances in the American workforce. Throughout history there have been patterns of exploitation of immigrant workers by businesses in order to increase profits; the Mexican migrant workers of southern California are the most recent historical group to fall into this pattern of exploitation mostly from their lack of organization. Cesar E. Chavez was a great organizer and leader of the United Farm Workers labor union. Robert Kennedy referred to him as â€Å"one of the heroic figures of our time.† Chavez used his life experiences in order to better the lives of many migrant workers in America. Key points in Chavez’s life that had profound effects on the Mexican American workers include things such as: his first taste of leading political organizations in 1952; the foundation of the United Farm Workers of America in 1962; and the use of nonviolent approaches such as boycotts, strikes, and fasts, as seen in the grape and lettuce strikes. Throughout his career his selfless exploits made him the hero that he is now seen to be. When these key portions of Chavez’s life are examined, it can be seen that he had a very large role in gaining and defending civil rights, wage increases, and worker benefits for migrant farmers (Chavez Foundation). In 1952 Chavez would begin his career as a community leader and political organizer through the Community Service Organization or CSO, which was already established as a prominent Mexican American civil rights organization in southern California. The CSO worked mostly with voter registration and everyday problems that Mexican Americans would encounter, and this served as a valuable learni... ... understood what was right, and he sought to fill the need that had been left by government and the private sector. Works Cited Chavezfoundation. â€Å"Cesar E. Chavez> American Hero.† http://www.chavezfoundation.org/_page.php?code=001001000000000&page_ttl=American+Hero&kind=1. Griswold Del Castillo, Richard, and Richard A. Garcia. Cà ©sar Chavez: A Triumph of Spirit. The Oklahoma western biographies, v. 2. Norman, Okla: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995 Martin, Philip. â€Å"Labor Relations in California Agriculture: 1975-2000†. September 20, 2000. http://migration.ucdavis.edu/cf/more.php?id=44_0_2_0. Moore, Joan W., Cuellar, Alfredo. Mexican America. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc 1970. Tejada-Flores, Rick. â€Å"Fight in the Fields: Cesar Chavez and the Farmworkers’ Struggle†. 2004. http://www.pbs.org/itvs/fightfields/cesarchavez.html.